Development journey of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 1947 to 2022
INTRODUCTION
Today our nation is celebrating its 75th Independence Day
with national spirit and enthusiasm. It marks the platinum jubilee of our
country. Our journey began 75 years ago as a proud and independent nation. Our
beloved and gifted country of God was bestowed upon us with the slogan Kalma
Tayyaba in which we promised to build this country and nation as one of the
great Islamic democratic countries of the Muslim world. In the last 75 years, the
country has been facing serious economic and socio-economic problems and
difficulties which have put a question mark on our progress as a nation and the
fulfillment of our duties as fellow citizens. For the past seven decades. We
not only defended our homeland by fighting three wars with India but also made
the country famous as an Islamic force in the world with its successful missile
and nuclear program. The nation will always remember its heroes like Dr. Abdul
Qadeer Khan (Mohsin Pakistan) and fearless martyred commanders like Major Aziz
Bhatti (Shaheed). On this special occasion. As we celebrate Pakistan's Platinum
Jubilee, we must not forget the real heroes who laid down their lives for this
country and worked their hardest to make Pakistan a world power. Huge tribute
to them.
Apart from this, we have proved to be a peaceful, sports
and culture-loving nation by winning more than thirty-five international titles
in various sports including Hockey, Cricket, Snooker, Squash, and Kabaddi. Our
nation celebrates Independence Day every year on August 14 with the pride that
our forefathers crossed the river of blood to get this homeland and we are
ready to do everything for its protection, upliftment, and development. The
tremendous successes and failures of the country have put us at a juncture
where our determination and courage needed to be revived. If we look at our
post-independence journey, our country had no dearth of resources except
petroleum, natural gas, and precious metals. Our Pakistan has a rich history of
natural resources including deposits of salt, coal, iron ore, gold, and silver
including mines like Rekodak and Sendak.
by the way, If these natural resources are extracted and utilized
properly. The destiny of this country can be reversed.
Pakistan is geographically located at a very excellent
and important location. And neighbors like China and Iran can play a dynamic
role in the better development of our country through trade and investment.
China has already initiated its investment in Pakistan through the ambitious
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
There is a dire need to implement and implement this project in a very proper manner. Similarly, if an open trade agreement with our neighbor Iran is paved, its oil and gas resources can also help in the development of our country.
PREFERENCE
An attempt has been made to record and present the
detailed history of Pakistan's development in its 75-year development journey
since independence Day. Pakistan's 75-year journey is a story of economic,
political, social, and regional events that have shaped the country we live in
today. Pakistan is one of the top 50 economies in the world with a GDP of
around $383 billion.
This important sector of the economy grew rapidly,
particularly during the Green Revolution of the 1960s and the subsequent
industrialization of the 1970s, resulting in high growth and prosperity.
Pakistan started in the manufacturing sector almost from scratch. At the time
of independence, the country had only a handful of industries. In these
seventy-five years, the industrial sector has grown considerably with the
establishment of sugar mills, cement plants, fertilizer factories, and other
small and medium enterprises across the country. Nevertheless, the introduction
of high-yielding varieties of seeds, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers
improved agricultural productivity, and major crops including wheat, rice, and
sugarcane experienced strong growth.
Pakistan has also successfully established a vibrant
banking system that has supported economic growth over the years. Pakistan has
also progressed in its Human Development Index, which has improved
significantly over the past few decades.
1947_PAKISTAN COMES INTO BEING
At the time of independence. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan
was established primarily as an agricultural economy. In 1949-50, agriculture
accounted for about 59.9 percent of the total GDP. Pakistan did not get its
fair share of resources as per its right as the distribution of these resources
was largely disproportionate and most of the assets were distributed in favor
of India.
GREEN REVOLUTION
In Pakistan, the Green Revolution began in the early
1960s after the signing of the Indus Basin Treaty 1960 between Pakistan and
India. The main and partial objectives of the Green Revolution were high-yielding varieties (HYVs) in seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.
The Green Revolution includes examples of scientific and
technological advances in the form of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers,
pesticides, and water HYVs. Farm mechanisms also played an important role in
increasing agricultural production in Pakistan. The most popular forms of
machinery in Pakistan are tubewell, tractor, thresher, and implement. Tractors,
tube wells, and other agricultural machinery have greatly helped in increasing
the cultivated area, crop area, and crop intensity.
CONSTRUCTION OF TARBELA DAM
The construction and development of the Tarbela Dam were
initiated in 1968 by the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) on
behalf of the Government of Pakistan. The Tarbela Dam Project, with a total
cost of about $3.314 billion, was completed in 1947 to provide irrigation,
generate cheap electricity, control accidental floods and store water for
fishing facilities. By the year 2019-20, the benefits from water extraction are
Rs 217.7 billion and the benefits from electricity generation are Rs 155.5
billion by the year 2019-20.
INDUSTRIALIZATION
At the time of independence, Pakistan inherited just 34
industrial units out of 921 industrial units in the subcontinent. Industrial
units included cotton, textiles, cigarettes, sugar, rice husking, cotton
ginning, and flour milling, which together contribute 7 percent to GDP and
employ more than 26,000 unemployed. Pakistan announced a new industrial policy
in the 1959s. This industrial policy greatly encouraged the private sector and
promoted agro-based industrial output, resulting in large-scale industrial
development in the country. Later Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation
(PIDC) was established. The Economic Reforms Order 1978 announced a reversal of
the nationalization policy of the previous government and the introduction of a
new industrial policy.
1971 – SEPARATION OF EAST PAKISTAN
The eastern part of Pakistan, now known as Bangladesh, seceded
from Pakistan in December 1971 with the help of armed Indian intervention.
The tragic events that led to the forced dismemberment of the country in the
middle of the year had dire and far-reaching consequences for the economy. A
common market built over a quarter of the country of increasing economic and
financial integration was greatly disrupted and eventually destroyed, forcing
rapid changes in production and trade patterns in the economy.
CONSTRUCTION OF NATION HIGHWAYS
Completed in 1999, the six-lane Lahore to Islamabad
Motorway, now known as M-2, was the first improved highway of its kind in
Pakistan. The existing NHA network consists of 48 national highways, motorways
and strategic roads, the current length of this network is about 14,480 km, the
motorways are part of Pakistan's "The National Trade Corridor Plan"
and "China Pakistan Belt Road Initiative". From Dara Khunjarab near
the Chinese border to Gwadar in Balochistan. Pakistan has a total road network
of 500,750 km that connects socio-economic activities across the country.
PAKISTAN BECAME AUTOMATIC POWER
In May 1998, after Pakistan conducted five nuclear tests
It successfully restored the balance of power in the
region by establishing a credible minimum nuclear deterrence. These tests were
conducted in Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai district of Balochistan. It was timed as a
strategic response to India's second nuclear tests on 11 and 13 May 1998.
Despite extraordinary difficulties due to external shocks, Pakistan's economy
showed a sharp contraction in its economic growth.
ISLAMIC POWER
The first Islamic banking system in Pakistan was launched
in January 2002 and the country's first Islamic bank started full commercial
banking operations in March 2002 (State Bank of Pakistan, 2008). Efforts to
Islamize the economy on a comprehensive national level in the 1980s are
considered a major undertaking in the Muslim world. Pakistan's Islamic banking
industry has continued its growth over the years, with the share of assets in
the overall banking system increasing from a low of 0.5 percent in 2003 to 18.6
percent in 2021. A similar upward trend was seen in the share of deposits at
19.4 percent in 2021. 0.4 percent in 2003.
EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN
The key to the success of any nation or country lies in
the development of its thought and education sector. As education is promoted
in the nation. It reduces the illiteracy rate which ultimately reduces
unemployment. On August 14, 1947, 85 percent of Pakistan's population was
illiterate until the day of independence from British rule, and the condition
of women and backward areas was many times worse. The first step towards the
development of education and training in Pakistan was the National Education
Conference. 1947. In 1951, a conference for educational development was
convened to adopt a six-year plan for the period 1951-1857. The First Five
Year Plan (1955-1960), Second Five Year Plan (1960-1965), Third Five Year Plan
(1965-1970), Constitution of Pakistan 1973, Social Action Program (1993-1996), and
NEP (1998-2010). ) ) was launched. In every development plan, the Government of
Pakistan made commitments to increase literacy and ensure compulsory education
at the grassroots level. The education sector in Pakistan has been neglected by
the government's ministry of education and the provincial government, while the
education sector in the country of Pakistan has been promoted for career
development and financing. It was done with the support of the federal
government. In the last few decades, Pakistan's education has been continuously
developing. Which ultimately helps in the development of education as a whole.
PAKISTAN AND THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Pakistan joined the International Monetary Fund in 1950
as the fledgling country faced financial problems due to the unpredictable
nature of its economy and dependence on imports, the IMF lent to Pakistan on 22
occasions. have provided, the most recent loss of which was in 2019, since it
was created in 1947 from Indian British.
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN
Pakistan launch its first vehicle in 1953 at the
National Motors Plant in Karachi city. The motor plant opened in green with General
Motors managing the facility to manufacture Vauxhall cars and Bedford trucks.
The automotive industry in our country Pakistan is one of the fastest-growing
industries in the country. Growing at a rate of 171% between 2014 and 2018
alone, it accounts for 4% of Pakistan's GDP and employs a workforce of over 3.5
million people as of 2018. Pakistan is the world's 35th largest producer of
automobiles. On 26 December 2021, the Government of Pakistan announced a
five-year policy between 2021 and 2026 to develop automobile manufacturing
capacity in Pakistan. On October 20, Pakistan's envoy to China said during a
meeting with 50 Chinese automotive brands that Pakistan would increase its
vehicle production to 6-8 million units over the next five years. Pakistan is
creating Special Economic Zones, where Chinese companies are setting up their
businesses. In this meeting, 10 Chinese and domestic automotive companies are
ready to invest in Pakistan.
Pakistan at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Pakistan participated in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and Italy. 44 competitors, all male, competed in 35 events across 7 sports. Here, they won their first Olympic gold medal by defeating India in the final of the men's hockey competition. Malik also won his first individual Olympic Games medal, a bronze, through welterweight wrestler Mohammad Basheer in the freestyle events. It is considered Pakistan's most successful Olympics ever.
China Pakistan Agreement
The Sino-Pakistan Treaty is a 1963 document that
establishes the border between the governments of Pakistan and China. As a
result, the two countries cede 1,942 square kilometers (750 sq mi) to the
other. Pakistan surrendered to Chinese sovereignty over the land in Kashmir and
northern areas of Ladakh. However, Indiana Rights has insisted that as part of
the transaction, Pakistan has ceded about 5,300 km (2,050 sq mi) of territory
to China.
And the agreement has been declared invalid and illegal by India, which also claims sovereignty over part of the land. Apart from escalating tensions with India, the agreement shifted the balance of the border war by bringing Pakistan and China closer together while softening relations between Pakistan and the United States.
Men's World Open Squash Championship
1987 The ICI Perspex Men's World Open Squash Championship
is the men's edition of the 1987 World Open, which also serves as the
individual world championship for squash players. The event was held from
October 11 to 20, 1987 in Birmingham, England, Jansher Kahn defeated Chris
Dittmar in the final to win his first World Open title.
Benazir Bhutto
Zulfiqar Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953–27 December 2007)
was a Pakistani politician who served as the 11th and 13th Prime Minister of
Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and from 1993 to 1996. She was the first female
leader to head a democratic government in a Muslim-majority country. She faced
a lot of opposition from Pakistan's Islamist lobby for her secular and modern
agenda. In the early years of her career, she was nevertheless popular locally
and received support from Western nations. For whom she was the champion of
democracy. Due to her political success in a male-dominated society, she was
posthumously considered an icon for women's rights.
Construction of Gwadar Port (2001)
Pakistan's dream of establishing a deep-water port in
Baluchistan's Gwadar is almost as old. It began with the recommendation of
Cedric, who was deputed by the United States in 1954 to survey the coast of
Balochistan. A complete end to over 200 years of Omani control of the Sultanate
of Oman. Since then the history of the decision-making process for its
development has been one of study, planning, sheltering, re-study, re-planning, and waiting and hoping for an outside aid agency to finance the project.
Half a century into the process, the dream has yet to be
fully realized.
Angelina Jolie's Visit Flood-Hit Pakistan (2010)
ISLAMABAD - Indian actress Angelina Jolie is visiting Pakistan to meet flood victims and highlight the need for international aid, the United Nations says. Jolly described the devastation he saw in the part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province where most of the floodwaters had receded. “They have lost.
their homes. And the flood water was as high as the roofs
of their houses when you see the sign, and I was amazed by that. All their
houses are washed away, and it's not just a tent that washes away in one's
mind, the mud, and it's their whole life. Many of them lost their wives and
children during the floods. Jolie certainly helped them, and it is an important
part of the country's development.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
China's plan to invest about $46 billion in Pakistan to
strengthen the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, announced in April 2015, is
remarkable in terms of its size and scope.
Closer ties between China and Pakistan are decidedly
northerly and generally thrive on the two countries' mutual rivalry with India.
In fact, this strategic training has been one of the main drivers of Beijing
and Islamabad's all-time friendship. Spanning the diplomatic, economic and
military spheres, China has proved a reliable alternative to the US in
providing military assistance to Pakistan, including support for its nuclear
program. The two states have cooperated in the past on major infrastructure
projects in Pakistan, including the Gwadar Port and the Karakoram Highway, both
of which will play an important role in the proposed economic corridor.
Construction of the Industrial Free Zone started in Gwadar
The Chinese firm is spending about 2 billion US dollars
on shrinking roads, electricity, gas, and water supply.
The port city is expected to be able to generate around
40,000 jobs. Gwadar Port Authority (GPA) Chairman Dustin Khan Jamuddin said
that work is underway on the construction of the Gwadar Free Zone at a cost of 2
billion dollars.
He said that Chinese, Middle East, European and Pakistani
investors have planned to set up around 300 factories in Gwadar to manufacture
various products. Jamaluddin said that the Chinese firm is spending up to 2
billion dollars for the construction of roads, electricity, gas, and water
supply in the Gwadar Free Zone. Spread over 10 square kilometers, the work on it
will be completed within the stipulated period.
CPEC is starting to sell land plots in Gwadar
Before CPEC there are the Gwadar phases of Gwadar which was a
dream of Pakistan but we are now experiencing post-CPEC in which the vision
of Gwadar is slowly coming true. It is the gateway city to China's $62 billion investment
in Pakistan. In 2004, the President of Pakistan initiated the development of
Gwadar. He handed over the management to the Singapore Port Holding Company,
which slowly started building the infrastructure. Pakistan Economic Corridor
CPEC agreement which included the investment of 62 billion dollars in Pakistan and
CPEC.
Gwadar will remain under Chinese operations for the next 43 years as it is the gateway city of CPEC. The time for change is now. As China is an incredible movement to help Gwadar's development.
They launched the free zone in January 2018 and since then dozens of Chinese and Pakistani businesses have been operating from the free zone in Gwadar. Private sector investment has already exceeded $450 million.
The country has also been producing large quantities of
gold since its independence. Pakistan has developed in sports, information
technology, artificial intelligence, science technology, etc. There has never
been a dearth of talent in Pakistan and only hard work, dedication and honesty
need to make up for it. In this regard countries like China gained
independence from the British Empire a year after us and when it started its
journey towards development. His condition was bad, more than half of his
people were addicts. China's commitment to prosperity and development has
forever eradicated the evils that stood in its way. Today, China has become an
economically developed country while it has the most China in the world, which
has developed by following the simple words of our father of the nation,
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, that work, work, And just work.
On August 14, 1947, Allah gave us independence from the
British Empire, the nation pledges to continue efforts with dedication and
integrity for the development, prosperity, and progress of the country.
In the end, I would like to say that my founding nation delivered a beautiful speech
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